For most of these cases, you can troubleshoot a doorbell without shutting off the main power, because doorbells operate on very low voltage. The one exception is when you need to test the transformer, which is generally located in or near the chime box.
Cut the power before you begin, then conduct a visual inspection to look for any loose connections or wires that are completely disconnected. If no wires are loose, you should check the transformer using a volt meter: Connect the leads of the volt meter to the two terminals on the transformer.
A properly functioning transformer will show a meter reading that matches the secondary voltage as marked on it. If the meter reading is higher, it indicates that the transformer is faulty and needs replacement.
A low reading, however, might just need a second test. You might want to call in a pro for this type of repair. Sometimes the wiring between the doorbell button and the chime box may be the problem. It may have been exposed to water; damaged by rodents; or simply become bent, twisted, or frayed. Start by checking the two wires connected to the button—if they are frayed or loose, splice in a new section of wire and reattach to the button. Do the same with the wires that are attached to the chime box.
A piston can get gummed up if someone has tried to oil it in the past something you should not do. If the piston is jammed or gummed up, first try to clean it with rubbing alcohol. Look for any breaks in the doorbell wiring. If you find one or more , strip the insulation from the wire ends and splice them with a short piece of matching wire, using properly sized wire nuts.
If, when you push the doorbell button, you do not hear a bell, a hum, or even a click, it often means that electricity is not being delivered through the system. Turn off the power to the circuit before working on the transformer.
See How to Check a Doorbell Transformer. If it is burned out, replace it with a new doorbell transformer.
Because the button is the primary moving part of the system, this tends to be the most likely component to fail. Be sure the two wires are connected securely to the screw terminals. Then touch a screwdriver blade across both terminals or remove the two wires and touch them together. You'll find most doorbell transformers near the main electrical panel. Set the multimeter to voltage setting, and place its probes on the screws where the small-gauge doorbell wires are attached.
If the multimeter reads 16 volts or so, the transformer is fine; go to Step 5. If it's producing less than 16 volts, call an electrician to replace the transformer; this involves working with volt wires and following the electrical code.
Remove the chime's cover. Leave the multimeter on the voltage setting and touch the probes to the wires. Have a helper push the button. If the multimeter shows that current is flowing but the chime doesn't ring, replace it Step 6. But if there's no current, the wiring is faulty. If you can find the break, make a splice with gauge wire. If you can't, either pull through new wires or install a battery-powered wireless unit. Before disconnecting the old wires, label them with strips of tape: "Front" for front bell, "Back" if there's a back bell, and "T" for transformer.
Mount the new chime on the wall, and attach each wire to its appropriately labeled terminal. You can usually address these doorbell fixes by following some of the techniques mentioned above.
A doorbell that goes off constantly most likely means there are some wires touching. This is relatively easy to check. Popular Wireless Doorbell. You do normally have to use batteries, but just keep a supply on hand when replacement time comes. For all that, plus the convenience of wireless installation, these things are not a bad price at all.
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