When in the judgment of a provider, patient is considered at risk, provider can remind the patient of the exemptions stipulated by the Ethiopian Orthodox Church the sick, travelers and the weak may be exempt from or reduce the fasting periods and if necessary refer the patient to the Head Priest for counseling. For additional information about the Orthodox calendar holy days and dates, see The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church Faith and Order website, related information on Wikipedia or our calendar event page.
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Throughout Lent solemn hymns are sung accompanied by a lyre-like instrument called begena. The Easter cycle includes five of the nine major feasts in the Ethiopian Church calendar.
Establishing the date of the moveable feast of Easter was a major preoccupation of early Church scholars, involving complex calculations based on year lunar and year solar cycles determined by Babylonian and Greek astronomers, set out in handy tables. The calendar, of Alexandrine origin, was instituted by Augustus in 30 BC, modifying the ancient Egyptian calendar. Church scholars first sought to establish the date of the fast of Nineveh commemorating a sixth century plague, ensuring that this took place in the first three days of the second week preceding Lent, 10 weeks before Easter.
The calculations guaranteed that Lent begins on a Monday, and that Easter is later than the spring equinox, falls on Sunday, and does not coincide with the Jewish festival of Passover, as enjoined by the Fitha N eg est. The seven Sundays preceding Easter have names based on texts read during services. During this period no baptism, absolution for deaths or saints day commemorations take place, and people are expected to refrain from heavy manual work. Palm branches are blessed by priests and distributed: in Aksum.
Many people, especially children, plait palm leaves into headbands or rings, sometimes in a crucifix form. A dish called gulban is prepared from maize, millet, dried peas or beans, mixed and crushed in a wooden mortar, beaten and boiled in an earthen pot.
On Thursday and Friday people go to church and perform prostrations, called s igdet, the number assigned by the priests depending on confessions. On Good Friday churches are decorated with hangings and brocades, and the crucifix is covered by a curtain.
A representation of the body of Christ is placed in front of the sanctuary with flowers, incense and candles. A censor attached to a string is agitated before the Gospel readings, symbolising Jesus being pulled and pushed by the Jews. In the leap year the extra day is added to these five days making the Pagumen of this year a period of 6 days. As in Julian and Gregorian calendars days are grouped into weeks and are named in order.
Because the Ethiopian church holds that our Lord was born years after the creation of the world this gives the 7 or 8 years difference between the Gregorian and Ethiopian Chronologies. The church also uses other systems of chronology. There is the Era of the world which dates from B. C, which also differs from the western chronology by 7 or 8 years. The reckoning of Easter is based upon the system of Ammonius. The dates of Easter and the feast which depends upon it are determined by the Fast of Nineveh which precedes the Easter Lent and in turn the date of the fast of Nineveh has been found according to the given principles, the date of Easter and the dates of the movable feast can easily be calculated.
The Easter Lent always begins on a Monday and can not come before the 1st of Yekatit nor after the 5th of Megabit. The festival of the Mount of Olives always begins upon Sunday and cannot come before the 28th of Yekatit nor after the 2nd of Miyazia. Palm Sunday cannot come before the 19th of Megabit 01 after the 23rd of Miyazia. Easter is on a Sunday and cannot come before the 26th of Megabit nor after 30th of Miyazia.
The congress of priests always begins on Wednesday and cannot come before the 20th of Miyazia nor after the 24th of Ginbot. Ascension always begins on Thursday and cannot come before the 5th of Ginbot nor after the 9th of Sene.
The Feast of Pentecost always begins on Sunday and cannot come before the 15th of Ginbot nor after the 19th of Sene. Some go back to apostolic times and others are later origin.
There is a prodigious number of feasts in the Ethiopian Church. The principal feasts of the church are nine feasts of the Lord, thirty three feasts of our Lady, the feasts of the Apostles, Sunday, Saturday, the feasts of the Angels, the feasts of the righteous saints and the feasts of the martyrs.
The feasts of our Lord are divided into 9 major and 9 minor feasts. Major feasts are: 1. His conception 2. Christmas 3. Epiphany 4. Transfiguration 5. Palm Sunday or hosanna 6. Good Friday 7. Easter 8. Ascension 9. Minor feasts are: 1. Sibket, the feast to commemorate the preaching of the prophets that Messiah will come to redeem His people from bondage; 2. Brahan, the feast to commemorate the fact of our Lord having come into the world for its enlightenment; 3.
Gena, the feast to commemorate the reality that our Lord was actually born, not a mythical phenomenon; 5. Gizret, circumcision; 6. Kana ze Galilee, feast of Kana of Galilee when the Lord turned water into wine; 7. Debra zeit, it is held that the Second Advent will take place on the Mount of Olives. A day is kept on which the faithful offer special prayers that they may be righteous on that solemn event and on the right side of the Supreme Judge; 8.
Megabit Meskel; 9. Ledete Simon, this is the feast to commemorate the event when a woman sinner Mary Magdalene washed the feet of the Lord with her tears and anointed them with ointment. Simon who had invited Jesus complained but the Lord made things clear to him. The day in which she was conceived. Her Nativity. The day when she was taken to the temple there to stay for some time Her presentation. The feast on which she conceived Christ. Flight to Egypt. Commemoration of the day when she was thirsty, her son commanded the rock and water came forth with which she quenched her thirst.
The day of promise on which her son assured her that for her sake He would in future have mercy upon sinners. The sleeping of Mary Asterio Mariam. Assumption Filseta , which is celebrated for 16 days, counted each as a separate feast. The day when after her death she was revealed to all appeared to all for the first time.
Second time appearance to others. Third time appearance. Fourth time appearance. Fifth time appearance. We have twelve feasts a year when once a month on 21st day we commemorate her death or birth in heaven and this makes it 31 feasts in all up to now. The 32nd feast is that of the day when a result of infidel with a blow hitting the icon, the image of the Blessed Virgin Mary, blood flew copiously from the image.
The 33rd feast is that of the purification of the Blessed Virgin Mary. Reckoning ; her burial on August 15 8 in West. Mary the blessed Mother.
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