To reach that goal, Russia is attempting to build an additional 28 reactors in the coming decades. In addition, Russia has been aggressive at exporting its nuclear technology.
Even so, France remains a leader in nuclear energy technology, currently building the state-of-the-art Flamanville 3 Reactor and exporting the technology to other countries. With currently running reactors, the United States nearly doubles the next nation on this list. O riginally developed in response to the ballooning cost of the Manhattan Project — federal officials wanted researchers to find a civilian use for the technology — nuclear energy matured in the s, as nearly every current reactor in the United States began construction by the middle of the decade.
In , the Three Mile Island accident halted further nuclear expansion and the only improvements in capacity for the next 30 years came by way of improved efficiency at existing plants. In , nuclear moved back to the forefront, when work began on the first of five newly approved reactors at existing power plants.
Planned additions to the nuclear grid could supply an additional 7, MW of power in the coming years. For you. World globe An icon of the world globe, indicating different international options. Get the Insider App. Click here to learn more. A leading-edge research firm focused on digital transformation. Good Subscriber Account active since Shortcuts. Account icon An icon in the shape of a person's head and shoulders.
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Which topics are covered by the "Chart of the Day"? The Statista "Chart of the Day" currently focuses on two sectors: "Media and Technology", updated daily and featuring the latest statistics from the media, internet, telecommunications and consumer electronics industries; and "Economy and Society", which current data from the United States and around the world relating to economic and political issues as well as sports and entertainment.
But the market share of geothermal is unlikely to increase dramatically over the next few decades and hydropower can only be used in select countries NEA Therefore, unless carbon capture and storage becomes viable on a grand scale, nuclear power may be key to a clean-energy future IEA Severe air pollution, found in major developing world cities like Beijing and New Delhi, incurs large healthcare costs and lost productivity for nations, as well as health impacts for citizens WHO ; WHO Consequently, improving air quality can be an important driver of energy policy.
Currently, a considerable multilateral effort is directed at developing the next generation of nuclear reactors e. The developers aim to make the next generation of nuclear reactors even more safe, secure and proliferation-resistant than current nuclear reactors; reduce electricity costs; and ensure the optimum usage of natural resources. Various countries and manufacturers are currently also developing small modular nuclear reactors NEA It is anticipated that these reactors will offer a lower initial capital investment, greater scalability, and siting flexibility, and additionally, that they could be utilized in locations unable to accommodate more traditional larger reactors e.
The developers of these two new reactor types hope to generate expanded political and public acceptance for these technologies. Data show that the perceived risks associated with nuclear power and nuclear reactors drop with familiarity. The mid surveys further showed that: 69 percent of nuclear power neighbors would accept a new reactor being built there; 83 percent favored the use of nuclear power; 90 percent believed that nuclear energy will be important in meeting the U.
These figures compare with the Bisconti-Quest survey of the general U. In , strong opposition to nuclear power was 8 percent among nuclear power neighbors and 14 percent more widely. In November , the Swiss people rejected a referendum to force early closure of Swiss nuclear reactors with an overall vote of 54 percent to 46 percent EC After the Fukushima Daiichi accident, various safety reviews were instituted in the U.
Currently, the U. However, Russia is moving steadily forward with plans for expansion of nuclear energy in its domestic energy mix IAEA c; WNA e and world-wide export of nuclear goods and services see above. Overall in Western Europe, nuclear power is expected to show a slow decline to largely coinciding with the retirement of aging nuclear reactors , while in Eastern Europe nuclear power will likely show a slow increase IEA It is possible that the variation in policy responses to the Fukushima Daiichi accident reflects cultural attitudes, such as level of trust in the federal governments and regulators, and attitude to risk.
The management of spent nuclear fuel and radioactive waste is straightforward from technical and scientific perspectives. However, it can be publicly and politically controversial. Currently, many nations have management strategies in place or under development.
The EU also specifies that export of nuclear waste to countries outside the EU will be allowed only under strict conditions.
Finland has built a repository for low- and intermediate-level nuclear waste and is currently building a repository for spent nuclear fuel WNA c ; Sweden is planning a repository for spent nuclear fuel WNA f ; and the U.
Nuclear newcomers are increasingly negotiating fuel take-back arrangements with suppliers. Nonetheless, creation and management of spent nuclear fuel and radioactive waste as well as transport of radioactive materials are still perceived as significant risks by some members of the public and consequently by some governments. This policy brief discussed the main factors that nations have considered when deciding their policies on nuclear power.
In summary, policy drivers can include the following. Individual nations have considered and may consider all, some or none of these factors and will weigh them according to their own needs and beliefs. Given the range of factors that affect nuclear power policy in individual countries, it is difficult to accurately predict the global future of nuclear power.
However, it is is broadly expected that nuclear power usage to will likely increase in developing countries and Eastern Europe, but slowly decrease in the U. Bloomberg China air pollution kills 4, people a day: Researchers. European Environment Agency: Data and maps. In: International Energy Agency.
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